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Evolution Korea Korean scientists don't take chances when it comes to the debate over evolution. The Society for Textbook Revise has been fighting to eliminate Archaeopteryx horses, the Archaeopteryx, and other evolutionist icons from textbooks. Confucian traditions, with their emphasis on the importance of success in the world and their high value of education still dominate the culture of the country. However, Korea is in search of an entirely new model of development. Origins The growth of Iron Age cultures brought more sophisticated states to the Korean Peninsula, such as Goguryeo and Baekje. They all developed a distinct culture that was influenced by the influence of their powerful neighbors and also embraced various aspects of Chinese culture, particularly Confucianism and Buddhism, although shamanism continued to be practiced. Goguryeo was the first of these kingdoms to implement its own version of government to the Korean people. It consolidated its authority in the 1st century and established a king-centered ruling system in the 2nd century. Through a series wars it drove away those who were loyal to the Han dynasty from the north of the peninsula. It expanded its territory into Manchuria too. It was during this period that a regional confederation was formed named Buyeo. Its founder Wang Geon was given the title of king, and his name was recorded down in the 13th century Samguk yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms). Buyeo was renamed Goryeo and hence the name Korea. Goryeo was a thriving commercial state and also a place of learning. Its inhabitants cultivated crops and raised livestock such as sheep and goats. They also created furs out of them too. They danced in masked dramas like tallori and sandaenori. They also held an annual festival in December, which was called Yeonggo. 무료에볼루션 of Goryeo was stimulated by brisk trade, including with the Song Dynasty in China. Traders from Central Asia, Arabia, Southeast Asia and Japan came to Byeongnando the gateway to Gaeseong's capital city. Gaeseong. Silk and medicinal herbs were among the products they brought. Around 8000 BCE In the year 8,000 BCE, the Koreans started to establish permanent settlements and started cultivating cereal crops. They also invented pottery and polished stone tools, and began forming clan societies. The Neolithic Age continued until the 12th Century BC. Around this time Gija, a prince from the Shang dynasty of China was believed to have introduced a high culture to Korea. Until the 20th century many Koreans believed that Dangun and Gija gave Korea its people and their traditional culture, respectively. Functions Korea's previous model of development, which was based on state-led capital accumulation, government intervention in business and industry as well as an explosive growth in its economy and a rapid rise from one of the poorest countries in the world to being among the top of OECD nations in only three years. The system was plagued by moral hazards and outright corruption. It was therefore not sustainable in an economy characterised by trade liberalization, and the process of democratization. The current crisis has exposed the flaws of the current paradigm and it is likely that another model will replace it. Chapters 3 and 4 explore the roots of Korea's government-business risk partnership, and show how the development of business actors with an interest in the preservation of the system impeded it from adopting fundamental reforms. By focusing on corporate governance and the allocation of financial resources These chapters provide an in-depth analysis of the root causes of the crisis, and point towards ways to move forward through reforms. Chapter 5 explores the possible paths of Korea's evolution of its development paradigm in the post-crisis time frame, examining both legacies inherited from the past as well as new trends generated by the IT revolution and globalization. It also examines how these changes will impact Korea's current social and political structures. One of the most significant findings is that a variety of emerging trends are transforming the power structure in Korea and it is these changes that will determine the course of the future of the country. Despite the fact that political participation in Korea is still extremely limited, new forms are emerging that override political parties and challenge them, thus changing the democratic system in the country. Another significant finding is that the power of the Korean elite isn't as powerful as it once was, and that a large segment of society feels a sense of disconnection from the ruling class. This is a sign of the need for greater civic participation and education and new models of power sharing. In the end, the chapter concludes that the success or failure of Korea's new development paradigm will be determined by how these new developments can be incorporated into the willingness to make difficult choices. Benefits South Korea is the world's ninth-largest economy and sixth fastest growing. It has a substantial and growing middle class as well as a strong research and development base that drives innovation. Additionally, the government has recently increased investment in infrastructure projects to aid growth in the economy and to promote social equity. In 2008, Lee Myung Bak's administration announced five leading indicator in an attempt to create an economic system that was focused on changes and practicality. It made efforts to streamline government operations and privatize public corporations for more efficiency, and also reform administrative regulations. Since the ending of the Cold War, South Korea pursues a plan of the integration of its economy with the rest of the world and beyond the region. The exports of advanced manufacturing technology and high-tech consumer electronics have become a major source of income. The government has also been promoting Saemaeul Undong, which is an emerging community movement to transform the country from one that is primarily agricultural into one that is focused on manufacturing. The country also enjoys an excellent standard of living and offers various benefits to employees, including maternity leave and job security. Employers are also required to sign up for accident insurance, which covers the cost of workplace-related illnesses or injuries. In addition, it is common for companies to offer private medical insurance that provides protection for illnesses that are that are not covered by the National Health Insurance. In the end, South Korea has been thought of as a model for success for many of the developing nations around the globe. However the global financial crisis that struck Asia in 1997 challenged this view. The crisis shattering the conventional wisdom about Asia’s miracle economies, and led to an overhaul of the role of the government in managing risky private activities. In the wake of this shift it appears that Korea's future isn't clear. On one hand, a new generation of leaders has embraced the image of being a “strong” leader and begun to experiment with market-oriented policy. On the other hand, a strong domestic power base has made it difficult to implement fundamental changes. Disadvantages The reemergence and resurgence of creationists is a major obstacle for Korean science's efforts in educating citizens about evolution. While the majority of Koreans favor teaching evolution in schools one small group of creationist groups — led by a microbiologist called Bun-Sam Lim who is the president of the Society for Textbook Revise (STR)—is insisting on its removal from textbooks. STR believes that teaching evolution promotes “atheist materialism” and creates an “unhopeful” perspective for students, which could cause them to lose faith in humanity. The reasons behind anti-evolutionary beliefs are complex and varied. Some researchers suggest that it is due to religious belief, while others point to an increasing prevalence of anti-intellectualism, which has been exacerbated by growing political elite fragmentation along ideologies, regions, class, and gender. In addition the one-sidedness of the government, supported by powerful conservative business interests and think tanks, aggravates public distrust of the scientific community. In the end, the numerous vulnerability that were identified in this study indicate the urgent need for targeted policy interventions that can mitigate these vulnerabilities. These insights will help Seoul to achieve its goal of creating an urban landscape that is cohesive. In the COVID-19 case, pinpointing the most vulnerable neighborhoods and their inhabitants will be crucial to drafting specific, compassionate policies that will bolster their welfare and security. The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on Jjokbangs, for example, is a sign of socio-economic inequality that can compound vulnerability to both natural and man-made catastrophes. To overcome this, South Korea requires a more inclusive and diverse civil society that brings together all communities to tackle the most pressing problems of the city. This requires a fundamental shift in the structure of the institution, starting with the power of the presidency. The Blue House can mobilize a large bureaucracy, and use the Supreme Prosecutor's Office, and the intelligence bureau to exert political influence. These agencies aren't subject to any checks by parliamentary bodies or independent inspection agents. This gives the president enormous power to force his or her own vision on the rest of the country. This is a recipe for partisanship that could lead to stagnation and polarization throughout the country.